.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "examples/15_cbottle_generation.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_examples_15_cbottle_generation.py>`
        to download the full example code.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_examples_15_cbottle_generation.py:


CBottle Data Generation and Infilling
=====================================

Climate in a Bottle (cBottle) inference workflows for global weather data synthesis.

This example will demonstrate the cBottle diffusion model data source and infilling
diagnostic model for generating global climate and weather data. Both the cBottle data
source and infilling diagnostic use the same diffusion model but the sampling procedure
is different enabling two unique modes of interaction.

For more information on cBottle see:

- https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06474v1

In this example you will learn:

- Generating synthetic climate data with cBottle data source
- Instantiating cBottle infill diagnostic model
- Creating a simple infilling inference workflow

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 39-46

.. code-block:: Python

    # /// script
    # dependencies = [
    #   "earth2studio[cbottle] @ git+https://github.com/NVIDIA/earth2studio.git",
    #   "cartopy",
    # ]
    # ///








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 47-52

Set Up
------
For this example we will use the cBottle data source and infill diagnostic. Unlike
other data sources the cBottle3D data source needs to be loaded similar to a
prognostic or diagnostic model.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 54-59

Thus, we need the following:

- Datasource: Generate data from the CBottle3D data api :py:class:`earth2studio.data.CBottle3D`.
- Datasource: Pull data from the WeatherBench2 data api :py:class:`earth2studio.data.WB2ERA5`.
- Diagnostic Model: Use the built in CBottle Infill Model :py:class:`earth2studio.models.dx.CBottleInfill`.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 61-83

.. code-block:: Python

    import os

    os.makedirs("outputs", exist_ok=True)
    from dotenv import load_dotenv

    load_dotenv()  # TODO: make common example prep function

    import torch

    from earth2studio.data import WB2ERA5, CBottle3D
    from earth2studio.models.dx import CBottleInfill

    # Load the default model package which downloads the check point from NGC
    package = CBottle3D.load_default_package()
    cbottle_ds = CBottle3D.load_model(package, seed=0)
    # This is an AI data source, so also move it to device
    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    cbottle_ds = cbottle_ds.to(device)

    # Create the ground truth data source
    era5_ds = WB2ERA5()





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

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.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 84-94

Generating Synthetic Weather Data
---------------------------------
Once loaded, generating data from cBottle is as easy as any other data source.
Under the hood the model is conditioned on the timestamp requested as well as a
mid-month SST field which is internally handle for users but limits the range of the
data source to years between 1970 and 2022.

Note that this diffusion model is stochastic, so querying the same timestamp will
generate different fields that are reflective of the requested time and SST state.
One can use `set_seed` for reproducibility.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 96-110

.. code-block:: Python


    from datetime import datetime

    n_samples = 5
    timestamp = datetime(2022, 9, 5)

    # Fetch the ground truth
    era5_da = era5_ds([timestamp], ["msl", "tcwv"])
    # Generate some samples from cBottle
    cbottle_da = cbottle_ds([timestamp for i in range(n_samples)], ["msl", "tcwv"])

    print(era5_da)
    print(cbottle_da)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


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    2025-11-12 19:09:03.775 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: msl at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

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    2025-11-12 19:09:03.776 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: tcwv at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

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    2025-11-12 19:09:03.833 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/mean_sea_level_pressure/93032.0.0 to local cache

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    <xarray.DataArray (time: 1, variable: 2, lat: 721, lon: 1440)> Size: 17MB
    array([[[[1.01743422e+05, 1.01743422e+05, 1.01743422e+05, ...,
              1.01743422e+05, 1.01743422e+05, 1.01743422e+05],
             [1.01793445e+05, 1.01793289e+05, 1.01793289e+05, ...,
              1.01794055e+05, 1.01793750e+05, 1.01793750e+05],
             [1.01839055e+05, 1.01838445e+05, 1.01838297e+05, ...,
              1.01839969e+05, 1.01839508e+05, 1.01839203e+05],
             ...,
             [1.00018555e+05, 1.00018555e+05, 1.00018555e+05, ...,
              1.00017945e+05, 1.00017945e+05, 1.00018250e+05],
             [9.98792891e+04, 9.98789844e+04, 9.98789844e+04, ...,
              9.98786797e+04, 9.98789844e+04, 9.98789844e+04],
             [9.98712266e+04, 9.98712266e+04, 9.98712266e+04, ...,
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            [[1.33166103e+01, 1.33166103e+01, 1.33166103e+01, ...,
              1.33166103e+01, 1.33166103e+01, 1.33166103e+01],
             [1.31231613e+01, 1.31231613e+01, 1.31231613e+01, ...,
              1.31190758e+01, 1.31217995e+01, 1.31217995e+01],
             [1.28479767e+01, 1.28479767e+01, 1.28493385e+01, ...,
              1.28357162e+01, 1.28384399e+01, 1.28425274e+01],
             ...,
             [2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, ...,
              2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01],
             [2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, ...,
              2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01, 2.75253296e-01],
             [2.73891449e-01, 2.73891449e-01, 2.73891449e-01, ...,
              2.73891449e-01, 2.73891449e-01, 2.73891449e-01]]]])
    Coordinates:
      * time      (time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2022-09-05
      * variable  (variable) <U4 32B 'msl' 'tcwv'
      * lat       (lat) float64 6kB 90.0 89.75 89.5 89.25 ... -89.5 -89.75 -90.0
      * lon       (lon) float64 12kB 0.0 0.25 0.5 0.75 ... 359.0 359.2 359.5 359.8
    <xarray.DataArray (time: 5, variable: 2, lat: 721, lon: 1440)> Size: 83MB
    array([[[[ 9.94979952e+04,  9.94979952e+04,  9.94979952e+04, ...,
               9.94979952e+04,  9.94979952e+04,  9.94979952e+04],
             [ 9.95163836e+04,  9.95158991e+04,  9.95154146e+04, ...,
               9.95178371e+04,  9.95173526e+04,  9.95168681e+04],
             [ 9.95347720e+04,  9.95338029e+04,  9.95328339e+04, ...,
               9.95376790e+04,  9.95367100e+04,  9.95357410e+04],
             ...,
             [ 1.00292652e+05,  1.00292527e+05,  1.00292401e+05, ...,
               1.00293029e+05,  1.00292903e+05,  1.00292778e+05],
             [ 1.00259271e+05,  1.00259208e+05,  1.00259146e+05, ...,
               1.00259459e+05,  1.00259397e+05,  1.00259334e+05],
             [ 1.00225890e+05,  1.00225890e+05,  1.00225890e+05, ...,
               1.00225890e+05,  1.00225890e+05,  1.00225890e+05]],

            [[ 8.41516213e+00,  8.41516213e+00,  8.41516213e+00, ...,
               8.41516213e+00,  8.41516213e+00,  8.41516213e+00],
             [ 8.16163369e+00,  8.16432412e+00,  8.16701454e+00, ...,
               8.15356243e+00,  8.15625285e+00,  8.15894327e+00],
             [ 7.90810525e+00,  7.91348610e+00,  7.91886694e+00, ...,
               7.89196272e+00,  7.89734357e+00,  7.90272441e+00],
    ...
             [ 1.00297768e+05,  1.00297661e+05,  1.00297553e+05, ...,
               1.00298091e+05,  1.00297983e+05,  1.00297876e+05],
             [ 1.00264442e+05,  1.00264388e+05,  1.00264334e+05, ...,
               1.00264603e+05,  1.00264549e+05,  1.00264495e+05],
             [ 1.00231115e+05,  1.00231115e+05,  1.00231115e+05, ...,
               1.00231115e+05,  1.00231115e+05,  1.00231115e+05]],

            [[ 8.44940207e+00,  8.44940207e+00,  8.44940207e+00, ...,
               8.44940207e+00,  8.44940207e+00,  8.44940207e+00],
             [ 8.19866092e+00,  8.20134607e+00,  8.20403123e+00, ...,
               8.19060545e+00,  8.19329060e+00,  8.19597576e+00],
             [ 7.94791976e+00,  7.95329007e+00,  7.95866038e+00, ...,
               7.93180882e+00,  7.93717914e+00,  7.94254945e+00],
             ...,
             [-1.05174263e+00, -1.04816517e+00, -1.04458771e+00, ...,
              -1.06247502e+00, -1.05889756e+00, -1.05532010e+00],
             [-1.05885087e+00, -1.05706214e+00, -1.05527341e+00, ...,
              -1.06421706e+00, -1.06242833e+00, -1.06063960e+00],
             [-1.06595911e+00, -1.06595911e+00, -1.06595911e+00, ...,
              -1.06595911e+00, -1.06595911e+00, -1.06595911e+00]]]])
    Coordinates:
      * time      (time) datetime64[ns] 40B 2022-09-05 2022-09-05 ... 2022-09-05
      * variable  (variable) <U4 32B 'msl' 'tcwv'
      * lat       (lat) float64 6kB 90.0 89.75 89.5 89.25 ... -89.5 -89.75 -90.0
      * lon       (lon) float64 12kB 0.0 0.25 0.5 0.75 ... 359.0 359.2 359.5 359.8




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 111-119

Post Processing CBottle Data
----------------------------
Let's visualize this data to better understand what the cBottle data source is able to
provide.
It is clear that each sample is indeed unique, yet remains physically realizable.
In other words the cBottle data source can be used to create climates that
do not exist but could based on the conditional distribution learned from the training
data.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 121-161

.. code-block:: Python

    import cartopy.crs as ccrs
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    variable = "tcwv"

    plt.close("all")
    projection = ccrs.Orthographic(central_longitude=300.0)

    # Create a figure and axes with the specified projection
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 3, subplot_kw={"projection": projection}, figsize=(11, 6))
    ax = ax.flatten()

    ax[0].pcolormesh(
        era5_da.coords["lon"],
        era5_da.coords["lat"],
        era5_da.sel(variable=variable).isel(time=0),
        transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
        cmap="cubehelix",
    )
    ax[0].set_title("ERA5")

    for i in range(n_samples):
        ax[i + 1].pcolormesh(
            cbottle_da.coords["lon"],
            cbottle_da.coords["lat"],
            cbottle_da.sel(variable=variable).isel(time=i),
            transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
            cmap="cubehelix",
            vmin=0,
            vmax=90,
        )
        ax[i + 1].set_title(f"CBottle Sample {i}")

    for ax0 in ax:
        ax0.coastlines()
        ax0.gridlines()

    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.savefig("outputs/15_tcwv_cbottle_datasource.jpg")




.. image-sg:: /examples/images/sphx_glr_15_cbottle_generation_001.png
   :alt: ERA5, CBottle Sample 0, CBottle Sample 1, CBottle Sample 2, CBottle Sample 3, CBottle Sample 4
   :srcset: /examples/images/sphx_glr_15_cbottle_generation_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img





.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 162-174

Variable Infilling with CBottleInfill Diagnostic
------------------------------------------------
Next lets look at using the same model but for variable infilling.
CBottleInfill allows users to generate global weather fields like the data source but
condition it on a set of input fields that can be configured.
This means that this diagnostic is extremely flexible and can be used with all types
of data sources and models.

To demonstrate this lets consider two instances of the infilling diagnostic with a
different set of inputs and then compare the resulting infilled variables.
Note that the outputs of both configurations are the same size with the same
variables.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 176-197

.. code-block:: Python

    import numpy as np

    from earth2studio.data.utils import fetch_data

    # Input variables
    input_variables = ["u10m", "v10m"]

    # Load the default model package which downloads the check point from NGC
    package = CBottleInfill.load_default_package()
    model = CBottleInfill.load_model(package, input_variables=input_variables)
    model = model.to(device)

    model.set_seed(0)
    torch.manual_seed(0)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)

    times = np.array([timestamp] * n_samples, dtype="datetime64[ns]")
    x, coords = fetch_data(era5_ds, times, input_variables, device=device)
    output_0, output_coords = model(x, coords)
    print(output_0.shape)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


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    torch.Size([5, 1, 45, 721, 1440])




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 198-201

Now repeat the process above but with an expanded set of variables.
In this instance we provide a lot more data to the model to condition it with more
information.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 203-232

.. code-block:: Python

    input_variables = [
        "u10m",
        "v10m",
        "t2m",
        "msl",
        "z50",
        "u50",
        "v50",
        "z500",
        "u500",
        "v500",
        "z1000",
        "u1000",
        "v1000",
    ]

    # Load the default model package which downloads the check point from NGC
    package = CBottleInfill.load_default_package()
    model = CBottleInfill.load_model(package, input_variables=input_variables)
    model = model.to(device)

    model.set_seed(0)
    torch.manual_seed(0)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)

    x, coords = fetch_data(era5_ds, times, input_variables, device=device)
    output_1, output_coords = model(x, coords)
    print(output_1.shape)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


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    2025-11-12 19:10:04.049 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

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    2025-11-12 19:10:04.049 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.049 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.050 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.050 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.050 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: msl at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.050 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.051 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.051 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.051 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.052 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: t2m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.052 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.052 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.052 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.053 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.053 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.053 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.054 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.054 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.054 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: msl at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.054 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: msl at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.055 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.055 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.055 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.056 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.056 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: msl at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.056 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: t2m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.056 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.057 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.057 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.057 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: t2m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.057 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.058 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.058 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.058 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z500 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.059 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: v1000 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.059 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: u10m at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.060 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: z50 at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.198 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.199 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/2m_temperature/93032.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.200 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.200 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.201 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.202 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.202 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.204 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.208 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.209 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.210 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.210 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.211 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.211 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.213 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.213 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.215 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.215 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/2m_temperature/93032.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.216 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.217 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.218 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/2m_temperature/93032.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.220 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.222 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.227 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.228 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.232 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/2m_temperature/93032.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.233 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/v_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.233 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/geopotential/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.236 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.240 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.241 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.242 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.242 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

    Fetching WB2 data:   0%|          | 0/65 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
                                                         
    2025-11-12 19:10:04.244 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.utils:_make_local_details:657 - Copying /weatherbench2/datasets/era5/1959-2023_01_10-wb13-6h-1440x721_with_derived_variables.zarr/u_component_of_wind/93032.0.0.0 to local cache

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    torch.Size([5, 1, 45, 721, 1440])




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 233-241

Post Processing CBottleInfill
-----------------------------
To post process the results, we take a look at a infilled variable, total column water
vapour.
Compared to the samples from the CBottle3D, the results are much more aligned with
the ground truth since the infill model is sampling a conditional distribution.
Additionally, the model provided more variables is better aligned with the ground
truth due the additional information provided.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 243-294

.. code-block:: Python


    variable = "tcwv"
    var_idx = np.where(output_coords["variable"] == "tcwv")[0][0]
    era5_data, _ = fetch_data(era5_ds, times[:1], [variable], device=device)

    plt.close("all")
    projection = ccrs.Mollweide(central_longitude=0)

    # Create a figure and axes with the specified projection
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 3, subplot_kw={"projection": projection}, figsize=(10, 6))


    def plot_contour(
        ax0: plt.axes,
        data: torch.Tensor,
        cmap: str = "jet",
        vrange: tuple[int, int] = (0, 90),
    ) -> None:
        """Contour helper"""
        ax0.contourf(
            output_coords["lon"],
            output_coords["lat"],
            data.cpu(),
            vmin=vrange[0],
            vmax=vrange[1],
            transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
            levels=20,
            cmap=cmap,
        )
        ax0.coastlines()
        ax0.gridlines()


    plot_contour(ax[0, 0], era5_data[0, 0, 0])
    plot_contour(ax[0, 1], torch.mean(output_0[:, 0, var_idx], axis=0))
    plot_contour(ax[0, 2], torch.mean(output_1[:, 0, var_idx], axis=0))
    plot_contour(
        ax[1, 1], torch.std(output_0[:, 0, var_idx], axis=0), cmap="inferno", vrange=(0, 10)
    )
    plot_contour(
        ax[1, 2], torch.std(output_1[:, 0, var_idx], axis=0), cmap="inferno", vrange=(0, 10)
    )

    ax[0, 0].set_title("ERA5")
    ax[0, 1].set_title("3 Input Variables Mean")
    ax[0, 2].set_title("13 Input Variables Mean")
    ax[1, 1].set_title("3 Input Variables Std")
    ax[1, 2].set_title("13 Input Variables Std")

    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.savefig("outputs/15_tcwv_cbottle_infill.jpg")



.. image-sg:: /examples/images/sphx_glr_15_cbottle_generation_002.png
   :alt: ERA5, 3 Input Variables Mean, 13 Input Variables Mean, 3 Input Variables Std, 13 Input Variables Std
   :srcset: /examples/images/sphx_glr_15_cbottle_generation_002.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


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    2025-11-12 19:10:29.952 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.wb2:fetch_array:241 - Fetching WB2 zarr array for variable: tcwv at 2022-09-05T00:00:00

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.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (2 minutes 57.129 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_examples_15_cbottle_generation.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: 15_cbottle_generation.ipynb <15_cbottle_generation.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: 15_cbottle_generation.py <15_cbottle_generation.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: 15_cbottle_generation.zip <15_cbottle_generation.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_