Temporal Interpolation#

Temporal Interpolation inference using InterpModAFNO model.

This example demonstrates how to use the InterpModAFNO model to interpolate forecasts from a base model to a finer time resolution. Many of the existing prognostic models have a step size of 6 hours which may prove insufficient for some applications. InterpModAFNO provides a AI driven method for getting hourly resolution given 6 hour predictions.

In this example you will learn:

  • How to load a base prognostic model

  • How to load the InterpModAFNO model

  • How to run the interpolation model

  • How to visualize the results

Set Up#

First, import the necessary modules and set up our environment and load the models. We will use SFNO as the base prognostic model and the InterpModAFNO model to interpolate its output to a finer time resolution. The prognostic model must predict the needed variables in the interpolation model.

This example needs the following:

import os

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from earth2studio.data import GFS
from earth2studio.io import ZarrBackend
from earth2studio.models.px import SFNO, InterpModAFNO

# Create output directory
os.makedirs("outputs", exist_ok=True)

sfno_package = SFNO.load_default_package()
base_model = SFNO.load_model(sfno_package)

# Load the interpolation model
interp_package = InterpModAFNO.load_default_package()
interp_model = InterpModAFNO.load_model(interp_package)
interp_model.px_model = base_model  # Set the base model

# Create the data source
data = GFS()

# Create the IO handler
io = ZarrBackend()
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Run the Interpolation Model#

Now run the interpolation model to get forecasts at a finer time resolution. The base model (SFNO) produces forecasts at 6-hour intervals, and the interpolation model will interpolate to 1-hour intervals.

# Define forecast parameters
forecast_date = "2024-01-01"
nsteps = 5  # Number of interpolated forecast steps

# Run the model
from earth2studio.run import deterministic

io = deterministic([forecast_date], nsteps, interp_model, data, io)

print(io.root.tree())
2025-05-15 03:23:33.404 | INFO     | earth2studio.run:deterministic:75 - Running simple workflow!
2025-05-15 03:23:33.405 | INFO     | earth2studio.run:deterministic:82 - Inference device: cuda

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.861 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 387322476-948106

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.885 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 194463909-743465

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.908 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 289307267-851916

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.931 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 180172685-913532

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.954 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 247139652-717479

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2025-05-15 03:23:33.977 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 199346060-588823

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.000 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 323956279-837771

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.023 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 414179964-1179422

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.046 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 165935718-1138677

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.068 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 253514796-920355

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.091 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 196462617-1008822

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.114 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 226457235-723507

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.137 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 210820017-615282

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.160 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 225640684-816551

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.183 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 295659093-896559

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.205 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 381424372-852801

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.228 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 163781343-739174

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.250 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 252556659-958137

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.273 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 290159183-752827

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.296 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 184782162-755841

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.318 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 346879212-932889

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.341 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 391722290-987401

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.364 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 170010298-904882

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.387 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 274285343-895314

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.409 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 145318799-1019625

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.432 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 407591936-940269

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.454 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 353619033-939943

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.477 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 329739828-930772

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.499 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 323061199-895080

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.522 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 296555652-890544

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.544 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 386359113-963363

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.567 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 204839116-753955

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.589 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 452597070-961302

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.611 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 275180657-890286

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.633 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 330670600-938837

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.655 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 179198897-973788

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.677 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 164520517-765194

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.923 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 184050412-731750

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.946 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 451628742-968328

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.968 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 393705863-838502

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2025-05-15 03:23:34.990 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 199934883-595444

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.011 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 204118947-720169

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.034 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 268878207-724790

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.056 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 347812101-849637

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.079 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 210217024-602993

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.101 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 169090127-920171

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.124 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 354558976-950206

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.147 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 190027998-577814

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.169 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 189450163-577835

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.191 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 268038708-839499

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.214 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 144283406-743766

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.237 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 270785488-1177846

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.260 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 406629528-962408

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.288 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 350072351-1232650

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.312 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 402321768-876246

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.335 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 143527711-755695

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.358 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 232400432-586007

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2025-05-15 03:23:35.380 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 193737151-726758

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]

2025-05-15 03:23:35.404 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 176434139-1041731

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]

2025-05-15 03:23:35.426 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 149106074-462399

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]

2025-05-15 03:23:35.448 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 228474082-1138597

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]

2025-05-15 03:23:35.471 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 292088625-1244938

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]

2025-05-15 03:23:35.494 | DEBUG    | earth2studio.data.gfs:fetch_array:352 - Fetching GFS grib file: noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/gfs.20240101/00/atmos/gfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f000 249098202-1262404

Fetching GFS data:   0%|          | 0/73 [00:01<?, ?it/s]
Fetching GFS data:   1%|▏         | 1/73 [00:01<01:59,  1.66s/it]
Fetching GFS data: 100%|██████████| 73/73 [00:01<00:00, 44.03it/s]
2025-05-15 03:23:35.691 | SUCCESS  | earth2studio.run:deterministic:106 - Fetched data from GFS
2025-05-15 03:23:35.692 | WARNING  | earth2studio.io.zarr:add_array:192 - Datetime64 not supported in zarr 3.0, converting to int64 nanoseconds since epoch
2025-05-15 03:23:35.694 | WARNING  | earth2studio.io.zarr:add_array:198 - Timedelta64 not supported in zarr 3.0, converting to int64 nanoseconds since epoch
2025-05-15 03:23:35.748 | INFO     | earth2studio.run:deterministic:136 - Inference starting!

Running inference:   0%|          | 0/6 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
Running inference:  17%|█▋        | 1/6 [00:08<00:42,  8.58s/it]
Running inference:  33%|███▎      | 2/6 [00:19<00:39,  9.95s/it]
Running inference:  50%|█████     | 3/6 [00:31<00:32, 10.97s/it]
Running inference:  67%|██████▋   | 4/6 [00:45<00:24, 12.04s/it]
Running inference:  83%|████████▎ | 5/6 [00:59<00:12, 12.97s/it]
Running inference: 100%|██████████| 6/6 [01:15<00:00, 13.92s/it]
Running inference: 100%|██████████| 6/6 [01:15<00:00, 12.62s/it]
2025-05-15 03:24:51.469 | SUCCESS  | earth2studio.run:deterministic:146 - Inference complete
/
├── lat (720,) float64
├── lead_time (6,) int64
├── lon (1440,) float64
├── msl (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q100 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q1000 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q150 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q200 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q250 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q300 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q400 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q50 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q500 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q600 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q700 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q850 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── q925 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── sp (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t100 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t1000 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t150 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t200 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t250 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t2m (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t300 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t400 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t50 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t500 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t600 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t700 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t850 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── t925 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── tcwv (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── time (1,) int64
├── u100 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u1000 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u100m (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u10m (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u150 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u200 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u250 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u300 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u400 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u50 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u500 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u600 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u700 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u850 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── u925 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v100 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v1000 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v100m (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v10m (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v150 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v200 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v250 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v300 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v400 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v50 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v500 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v600 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v700 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v850 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── v925 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z100 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z1000 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z150 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z200 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z250 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z300 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z400 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z50 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z500 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z600 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z700 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
├── z850 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32
└── z925 (1, 6, 720, 1440) float32

Visualize Results#

Let’s visualize the total column water vapour (tcwv) at each time step and save them as separate files.

# Get the number of time steps
n_steps = io["tcwv"].shape[1]

# Create a single figure with subplots
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(15, 6))
axs = axs.ravel()

# Create plots for each time step
for step in range(min([n_steps, 6])):
    im = axs[step].imshow(
        io["tcwv"][0, step], cmap="twilight_shifted", aspect="auto", vmin=0, vmax=85
    )
    axs[step].set_title(f"Water Vapour - Step: {step} hrs")
    fig.colorbar(im, ax=axs[step], label="kg/m^2")

plt.tight_layout()
# Save the figure
plt.savefig("outputs/12_tcwv_steps.jpg")
Water Vapour - Step: 0 hrs, Water Vapour - Step: 1 hrs, Water Vapour - Step: 2 hrs, Water Vapour - Step: 3 hrs, Water Vapour - Step: 4 hrs, Water Vapour - Step: 5 hrs

Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 14.926 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery